Page 58 - Science - 5

Thin legs and hands, swollen stomach, patchy

skin and dull, reddish hairs are some common
symptoms.

This condition can be avoided by eating food
rich in proteins and carbohydrates like potato,

banana, milk, cereals etc.

VACCINES
Vaccine is a substance that is injected into the Vaccination by Oral Drops

blood to protect the body from a disease. This
process is called vaccination . Vaccination

develops immunity against a disease in our body.

Our immune system protects us from illness. It
consists mainly of white blood cells in our

blood. These cells attack the disease-causing

germs that enter our body to cause cold,
cough, fever, stomach-ache etc. Vaccination by Injection

Common vaccines that are given to us at childhood are : Polio vaccine , DPt

vaccine (prevents Diphtheria Pertussis, and Tetanus) and MMR vaccine
(prevents Measles , Mumps and Rubella ).

Diseases protected from
Age
Age
Diseases protected from
Name of the vaccinecineName of the vaccine Age Diseases protected from
Name of the vac
BCG and OPV (o) at birth polio and tuberculosis
DPT-1 and OPV (1) 6 weeks polio, tuberculosis, diphtheria,
pertussis and tetanus
DPT-2 and OPV (2) 10 weeks polio, tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis
DPT-3 and OPV (3) 14 weeks polio, tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis

Measles and chickenpox 9 months measles and chickenpox
MMR 15 months measles, mumps and rubella

DPT and OPV (booster dose) 18 months polio, tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis
DT 5 years tetanus and diphtheria
TT 10–15 years tetanus

PASTEURIZATION

Pasteurization is a method of killing harmful bacteria in milk by boiling it for at
least 30 minutes and then cooling it quickly. The milk, we get in packets, is

pasteurized.

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