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Nutrition

Animals depend on others for their
food but plants make their own food

using the sunlight.
Excretion

Animals give out waste, such as
carbon dioxide, urine, sweat etc.

Plants give out oxygen and water vapours.

Reproduction

Plants and animals reproduce more of their own kind.

You have already learnt in the previous classes about some of the

characteristics of living things. Now, you are going to learn more about

growth, respiration and stimuli in living things.

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

In this lesson, we will learn how plants reproduce.
Reproduction is a process by which plants multiply

to make more of their own kind. In plants,
reproduction takes place by seeds, spores or by

vegetative propagation.

Reproduction by Seeds

A single plant produces many seeds. But all seeds
do not grow into new plants. When seeds get

enough water, air and sunlight, they grow into
new plants. The development of a baby plant

from a seed is called germination.

New plants from Spores

Some non-flowering plants do not produce
flowers. But, they too need to reproduce. So, they

reproduce with the help of spores. The spores are
small, round and light weight. They can be

dispersed easily in various directions by different
agents of nature to give rise to new plants. Spores

are found in fungi like mushrooms and moulds . 7

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